Mark Twain: A Biography

The Personal and Literary Life of Samuel Langhorne Clemens

by

Albert Bigelow Paine

Table of Contents

    1835-1866

  1. ANCESTORS
  2. THE FORTUNES OF JOHN AND JANE CLEMENS
  3. A HUMBLE BIRTHPLACE
  4. BEGINNING A LONG JOURNEY
  5. THE WAY OF FORTUNE
  6. A NEW HOME
  7. THE LITTLE TOWN OF HANNIBAL
  8. THE FARM
  9. SCHOOL-DAYS
  10. EARLY VICISSITUDE AND SORROW
  11. DAYS OF EDUCATION
  12. TOM SAWYER’S BAND
  13. THE GENTLER SIDE
  14. THE PASSING OF JOHN CLEMENS
  15. A YOUNG BEN FRANKLIN
  16. THE TURNING-POINT
  17. THE HANNIBAL “JOURNAL”
  18. THE BEGINNING OF A LITERARY LIFE
  19. IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF FRANKLIN
  20. KEOKUK DAYS
  21. SCOTCHMAN NAMED MACFARLANE
  22. THE OLD CALL OF THE RIVER
  23. THE SUPREME SCIENCE
  24. THE RIVER CURRICULUM
  25. LOVE-MAKING AND ADVENTURE
  26. THE TRAGEDY OF THE “PENNSYLVANIA”
  27. THE PILOT
  28. PILOTING AND PROPHECY
  29. THE END OF PILOTING
  30. THE SOLDIER
  31. OVER THE HILLS AND FAR AWAY
  32. THE PIONEER
  33. THE PROSPECTOR
  34. TERRITORIAL CHARACTERISTICS
  35. THE MINER
  36. LAST MINING DAYS
  37. THE NEW ESTATE
  38. ONE OF THE “STAFF”
  39. PHILOSOPHY AND POETRY
  40. “MARK TWAIN”
  41. THE CREAM OF COMSTOCK HUMOR
  42. REPORTORIAL DAYS
  43. ARTEMUS WARD
  44. GOVERNOR OF THE “THIRD HOUSE”
  45. A COMSTOCK DUEL
  46. GETTING SETTLED IN SAN FRANCISCO
  47. BOHEMIAN DAYS
  48. THE REFUGE OF THE HILLS
  49. THE JUMPING FROG
  50. BACK TO THE TUMULT
  51. THE CORNER-STONE
  52. A COMMISSION TO THE SANDWICH ISLANDS
  53. ANSON BURLINGAME AND THE “HORNET” DISASTER

    54. 1866-1875

  54. THE LECTURER
  55. HIGHWAY ROBBERY
  56. BACK TO THE STATES
  57. OLD FRIENDS AND NEW PLANS
  58. A NEW BOOK AND A LECTURE
  59. THE FIRST BOOK
  60. THE INNOCENTS AT SEA
  61. THE INNOCENTS ABROAD
  62. THE RETURN OF THE PILGRIMS
  63. IN WASHINGTON—A PUBLISHING PROPOSITION
  64. OLIVIA LANGDON
  65. A CONTRACT WITH ELISHA BLISS, JR.
  66. BACK TO SAN FRANCISCO
  67. A VISIT TO ELMIRA
  68. THE REV. “JOE” TWICHELL
  69. A LECTURE TOUR
  70. INNOCENTS AT HOME—AND “THE INNOCENTS ABROAD”
  71. THE GREAT BOOK OF TRAVEL
  72. THE PURCHASE OF A PAPER
  73. THE FIRST MEETING WITH HOWELLS
  74. THE WEDDING-DAY
  75. AS TO DESTINY
  76. ON THE BUFFALO “EXPRESS”
  77. THE “GALAXY”
  78. THE PRIMROSE PATH
  79. THE OLD HUMAN STORY
  80. LITERARY PROJECTS
  81. SOME FURTHER LITERARY MATTERS
  82. THE WRITING OF “ROUGHING IT”
  83. LECTURING DAYS
  84. “ROUGHING IT”
  85. A BIRTH, A DEATH, AND A VOYAGE
  86. ENGLAND
  87. THE BOOK THAT WAS NEVER WRITTEN
  88. “THE GILDED AGE”
  89. PLANNING A NEW HOME
  90. A LONG ENGLISH HOLIDAY
  91. A LONDON LECTURE
  92. FURTHER LONDON LECTURE TRIUMPHS
  93. THE REAL COLONEL SELLERS-GOLDEN DAYS
  94. BEGINNING “TOM SAWYER”
  95. AN “ATLANTIC” STORY AND A PLAY
  96. THE NEW HOME
  97. THE WALK TO BOSTON
  98. “OLD TIMES ON THE MISSISSIPPI”
  99. A TYPEWRITER, AND A JOKE ON ALDRICH
  100. RAYMOND, MENTAL TELEGRAPHY, ETC.
  101. CONCLUDING “TOM SAWYER”—MARK TWAIN’s “EDITORS”
  102. “SKETCHES NEW AND OLD”
  103. “ATLANTIC” DAYS

    104. 1875-1886

  104. MARK TWAIN AND HIS WIFE
  105. MARK TWAIN AT FORTY
  106. HIS FIRST STAGE APPEARANCE
  107. HOWELLS, CLEMENS, AND “GEORGE”
  108. SUMMER LABORS AT QUARRY FARM
  109. THE PUBLIC APPEARANCE OF “TOM SAWYER”
  110. MARK TWAIN AND BRET HARTE WRITE A PLAY
  111. A BERMUDA HOLIDAY
  112. A NEW PLAY AND A NEW TALE
  113. TWO DOMESTIC DRAMAS
  114. THE WHITTIER BIRTHDAY SPEECH
  115. HARTFORD AND BILLIARDS
  116. OFF FOR GERMANY
  117. GERMANY AND GERMAN
  118. TRAMPING WITH TWICHELL
  119. ITALIAN DAYS
  120. IN MUNICH
  121. PARIS, ENGLAND, AND HOMEWARD BOUND
  122. AN INTERLUDE
  123. THE GRANT SPEECH OF 1879
  124. ANOTHER “ATLANTIC” SPEECH
  125. THE QUIETER THINGS OF HOME
  126. “A TRAMP ABROAD”
  127. LETTERS, TALES, AND PLANS
  128. MARK TWAIN’s ABSENT-MINDEDNESS
  129. FURTHER AFFAIRS AT THE FARM
  130. COPYRIGHT AND OTHER FANCIES
  131. WORKING FOR GARFIELD
  132. A NEW PUBLISHER
  133. THE THREE FIRES—SOME BENEFACTIONS
  134. LITERARY PROJECTS AND A MONUMENT TO ADAM
  135. A TRIP WITH SHERMAN AND AN INTERVIEW WITH GRANT.
  136. “THE PRINCE AND THE PAUPER”
  137. CERTAIN ATTACKS AND REPRISALS
  138. MANY UNDERTAKINGS
  139. FINANCIAL AND LITERARY
  140. DOWN THE RIVER
  141. LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY
  142. “LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI”
  143. A GUEST OF ROYALTY
  144. A SUMMER LITERARY HARVEST
  145. HOWELLS AND CLEMENS WRITE A PLAY
  146. DISTINGUISHED VISITORS
  147. THE FORTUNES OF A PLAY
  148. CABLE AND HIS GREAT JOKE
  149. MARK TWAIN IN BUSINESS
  150. FARM PICTURES
  151. MARK TWAIN MUGWUMPS
  152. PLATFORMING WITH CABLE
  153. HUCK FINN COMES INTO HIS OWN
  154. THE MEMOIRS OF GENERAL GRANT
  155. DAYS WITH A DYING HERO
  156. THE CLOSE OF A GREAT CAREER
  157. MINOR MATTERS OF A GREAT YEAR
  158. MARK TWAIN AT FIFTY
  159. THE LIFE OF THE POPE
  160. A GREAT PUBLISHER AT HOME

    161. 1886-1900

  161. HISTORY: MAINLY BY SUSY
  162. BROWNING, MEREDITH, AND MEISTERSCHAFT
  163. LETTER TO THE QUEEN OF ENGLAND
  164. SOME FURTHER ACCOUNT OF CHARLES L. WEBSTER & CO.
  165. LETTERS, VISITS, AND VISITORS
  166. A “PLAYER” AND A MASTER OF ARTS
  167. NOTES AND LITERARY MATTERS
  168. INTRODUCING NYE AND RILEY AND OTHERS
  169. THE COMING OF KIPLING
  170. “THE PRINCE AND THE PAUPER” ON THE STAGE
  171. “A CONNECTICUT YANKEE IN KING ARTHUR’S COURT”
  172. THE “YANKEE” IN ENGLAND
  173. A SUMMER AT ONTEORA
  174. THE MACHINE
  175. “THE CLAIMANT”—LEAVING HARTFORD
  176. A EUROPEAN SUMMER
  177. KORNERSTRASSE,7
  178. A WINTER IN BERLIN
  179. A DINNER WITH WILLIAM II.
  180. MANY WANDERINGS
  181. NAUHEIM AND THE PRINCE OF WALES
  182. THE VILLA VIVIANI
  183. THE SIEUR DE CONTE AND JOAN
  184. NEW HOPE IN THE MACHINE
  185. AN INTRODUCTION TO H. H. ROGERS
  186. “THE BELLE OF NEW YORK”
  187. SOME LITERARY MATTERS
  188. FAILURE
  189. AN EVENTFUL YEAR ENDS
  190. STARTING ON THE LONG TRAIL
  191. (Continued.)
  192. “FOLLOWING THE EQUATOR”
  193. THE PASSING OF SUSY
  194. WINTER IN TEDWORTH SQUARE
  195. “PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS OF JOAN OF ARC”
  196. MR. ROGERS AND HELEN KELLER
  197. FINISHING THE BOOK OF TRAVEL
  198. A SUMMER IN SWITZERLAND
  199. WINTER IN VIENNA
  200. MARK TWAIN PAYS HIS DEBTS
  201. SOCIAL LIFE IN VIENNA
  202. LITERARY WORK IN VIENNA
  203. AN IMPERIAL TRAGEDY
  204. THE SECOND WINTER IN VIENNA
  205. SPEECHES THAT WERE NOT MADE
  206. A SUMMER IN SWEDEN
  207. 30, WELLINGTON COURT
  208. MARK TWAIN AND THE WARS
  209. PLASMON, AND A NEW MAGAZINE

    210. 1900-1907

  210. LONDON SOCIAL AFFAIRS
  211. DOLLIS HILL AND HOME
  212. THE RETURN OF THE CONQUEROR
  213. MARK TWAIN—GENERAL SPOKESMAN
  214. MARK TWAIN AND THE MISSIONARIES
  215. SUMMER AT “THE LAIR”
  216. RIVERDALE—A YALE DEGREE
  217. MARK TWAIN IN POLITICS
  218. NEW INTERESTS AND INVESTMENTS
  219. YACHTING AND THEOLOGY
  220. MARK TWAIN AND THE PHILIPPINES
  221. THE RETURN OF THE NATIVE
  222. A PROPHET HONORED IN HIS COUNTRY
  223. AT YORK HARBOR
  224. THE SIXTY-SEVENTH BIRTHDAY DINNER
  225. CHRISTIAN SCIENCE CONTROVERSIES
  226. “WAS IT HEAVEN? OR HELL?”
  227. THE SECOND RIVERDALE WINTER
  228. PROFFERED HONORS
  229. THE LAST SUMMER AT ELMIRA
  230. THE RETURN TO FLORENCE
  231. THE CLOSE OF A BEAUTIFUL LIFE
  232. THE SAD JOURNEY HOME
  233. BEGINNING ANOTHER HOME
  234. LIFE AT 21 FIFTH AVENUE
  235. A SUMMER IN NEW HAMPSHIRE
  236. AT PIER 70
  237. AFTERMATH
  238. THE WRITER MEETS MARK TWAIN
  239. WORKING WITH MARK TWAIN
  240. THE DEFINITION OF A GENTLEMAN
  241. GORKY, HOWELLS, AND MARK TWAIN
  242. MARK TWAIN’S GOOD-BY TO THE PLATFORM
  243. AN INVESTMENT IN REDDING
  244. TRAITS AND PHILOSOPHIES
  245. IN THE DAY’S ROUND
  246. THE SECOND SUMMER AT DUBLIN
  247. DUBLIN, CONTINUED
  248. “WHAT IS MAN?” AND THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY
  249. BILLIARDS
  250. PHILOSOPHY AND PESSIMISM
  251. A LOBBYING EXPEDITION
  252. THEOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
  253. AN EVENING WITH HELEN KELLER
  254. BILLIARD-ROOM NOTES
  255. FURTHER PERSONALITIES

    256. 1907-1910

  256. HONORS FROM OXFORD
  257. A TRUE ENGLISH WELCOME
  258. DOCTOR OF LITERATURE, OXFORD
  259. LONDON SOCIAL HONORS
  260. MATTERS PSYCHIC AND OTHERWISE
  261. MINOR EVENTS AND DIVERSIONS
  262. FROM MARK TWAIN’s MAIL
  263. SOME LITERARY LUNCHEONS
  264. “CAPTAIN STORMFIELD” IN PRINT
  265. LOTOS CLUB HONORS
  266. A WINTER IN BERMUDA
  267. VIEWS AND ADDRESSES
  268. REDDING
  269. FIRST DAYS AT STORMFIELD
  270. THE ALDRICH MEMORIAL
  271. DEATH OF “SAM” MOFFETT
  272. STORMFIELD ADVENTURES
  273. STORMFIELD PHILOSOPHIES
  274. CITIZEN AND FARMER
  275. A MANTEL AND A BABY ELEPHANT
  276. SHAKESPEARE-BACON TALK
  277. “IS SHAKESPEARE DEAD?”
  278. THE DEATH OF HENRY ROGERS
  279. AN EXTENSION OF COPYRIGHT
  280. A WARNING
  281. THE LAST SUMMER AT STORMFIELD
  282. PERSONAL MEMORANDA
  283. ASTRONOMY AND DREAMS
  284. A LIBRARY CONCERT
  285. A WEDDING AT STORMFIELD
  286. AUTUMN DAYS
  287. MARK TWAIN’S READING
  288. A BERMUDA BIRTHDAY
  289. THE DEATH OF JEAN
  290. THE RETURN TO BERMUDA
  291. LETTERS FROM BERMUDA
  292. THE VOYAGE HOME
  293. THE RETURN TO THE INVISIBLE
  294. THE LAST RITES
  295. MARK TWAIN’S RELIGION
  296. POSTSCRIPT

Appendices

  1. LETTER FROM ORION CLEMENS TO MISS WOOD CONCERNING HENRY CLEMENS
  2. MARK TWAIN’S BURLESQUE OF CAPTAIN ISAIAH SELLERS
  3. MARK TWAIN’S EMPIRE CITY HOAX
  4. FROM MARK TWAIN’S FIRST LECTURE, DELIVERED OCTOBER 2, 1866
  5. FROM “THE JUMPING FROG” BOOK (MARK TWAIN’S FIRST PUBLISHED VOLUME)
  6. THE INNOCENTS ABROAD
  7. MARK TWAIN AT THE CORRESPONDENTS CLUB, WASHINGTON
  8. ANNOUNCEMENT FOR LECTURE OF JULY 2, 1868
  9. MARK TWAIN’S CHAMPIONSHIP OF THOMAS K. BEECHER
  10. THE INDIGNITY PUT UPON THE REMAINS OF GEORGE HOLLAND BY THE REV. MR. SABINE
  11. A SUBSTITUTE FOR RULOFF HAVE WE A SIDNEY CARTON AMONG US?
  12. ABOUT LONDON
  13. LETTER WRITTEN TO MRS. CLEMENS FROM BOSTON, NOVEMBER, 1874, PROPHESYING A MONARCHY IN SIXTY-ONE YEARS
  14. MARK TWAIN AND COPYRIGHT
  15. APPENDIX O
  16. THE ADAM MONUMENT PETITION
  17. GENERAL GRANT’S GRAMMAR
  18. PARTY ALLEGIANCE
  19. ORIGINAL PREFACE FOR “A CONNECTICUT YANKEE IN KING ARTHUR’S COURT”
  20. A TRIBUTE TO HENRY H. ROGERS
  21. FROM MARK TWAIN’S LAST POEM
  22. SELECTIONS FROM AN UNFINISHED BOOK, “3,000 YEARS AMONG THE MICROBES”
  23. LITTLE BESSIE WOULD ASSIST PROVIDENCE
  24. A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF MARK TWAIN’S WORK PUBLISHED AND OTHERWISE—FROM 1851-1910

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